[Berbagi 4] Tugas Kuliah Management - Produksi dan Manajemen Produk Ija Kroeng Banda Aceh

PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF IJA KROENG

Fasiliator: Khairul Fajri Yahya

Arranged by:

Cut Meviantira Nanda

Economic Development

1701101010037

Fariza Junina

Accounting

1701103010001

Galuh Gusti Karina

Economic Development

1701101010035

DEPARTEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL UNGRADUATE PROGRAM

FACULTY OF ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS

SYIAH KUALA UNIVERSITY

2017

PREFACE

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Pious, We praise and thank God for His presence, which has bestowed His grace, guidance, and inayah on us, so that we can finish a paper about “” .

This journal paper we have compiled with the maximum and get help from various parties so as to facilitate the making of this paper. To that end we extend our gratitude to all those who have contributed in the making of this paper.

   

 Apart from that, we are fully aware that there are still shortcomings in terms of both sentences and grammar. Therefore with open arms we receive all the suggestions and criticism from our readers so that we can improve this a journal paper.

                                                                       

Banda Aceh, 11 December 2017

Compiler

I.             Executive Summary

Ija Kroeng is one of the Small Medium Enterprises (SME) in Banda Aceh engaged in the production of sarong and a particular product from Banda Aceh. Khairul Fajri Yahya as the owner use the ‘democratic’ style inside the business so it makes every product not produced as one wishes. The production are not only sarong,but they also receive request by customer suach as shirt and body bag. Ija Kroeng strongly use the brand positioning to create a unique impression in the customer's mind so that the customer associates something specific and desirable with Ija Kroeng brand that is distinct from rest of the marketplace.

For the organizational structure, Ija Kroeng use Line Organzation which is the most oldest and simplest method of administrative organization. According to this type of organization, the authority flows from top to bottom in a concern,so the relation between employer and employees is direct.

II.          Introduction

Small Medium Enterprises is a community businesses that are currently receiving attention and privileges mandated by the Law, such as business credit assistance with low interest, ease of business license requirements, business development assistance from government agencies, and several other conveniences. The fields of SME range from fashion, culinary, handicraft to farming. Ija Kroeng is one of the SME that engaged in fashion field intended not only looking for profits,but also to preserving culture in wearing sarong.

The first time Ija kroeng made was in 2010 caused by individual needs,but in simple form wich is black and white sarong. To started the business,initial capital of Ija Kroeng was loans from the owner brother and sister to bought a machine and fabric raw materials,then in 2015,Ija Kroeng began to developed by making brand name,logo,packaging and started to be marketed. The initial market done by only and offline. The online store done by using media social following Instagram,Facebook,and Twitter,and the offline store is build a workshop in Setui,Banda Aceh.

III.       Business Environment

The success of a business generally depends on the business environment, even after a business has been created and the manager must constantly monitor the environment so that they can anticipate how the demand for products or production costs of their products change. The business environment greatly affects the course of a business especially on the development of the business, there are several types of business environment that should always be evaluated and considered among others; economic, political / legal, demography, technology, and social cultural environment.

The Ija Kroeng’s business initiated by Khairul also has a mission where they always take care of the business environment around them so that their business can grow in line with changes and market demand. Today the existence of the internet has become a necessity of society, so any news / information will be uploaded to the internet so everyone can see and know very easily. It is exploited by Business Ija Kroeng in monitoring the changes of business environment online. Sometimes to know the development of the business environment they can do it by surfing the internet, for example in the political / legal environment, demography, and technology.

a.       Economy

Economic conditions have a very strong impact on the progress of a business. When the economy is in strong times, employment rates will be high, and the compensation paid also increases. Therefore, people have a relatively good income in these conditions will buy a product on a large scale. Companies that produce these products will benefit from the high demand. The company employs many employees to ensure that the company can produce enough products to cover the number of requests. However, when the economy becomes weak a company tends to lay off its employees for not being able to pay wages. Under these conditions, a relatively small income will make the least amount of demand for a product. The company will feel hurt by this because the goods produced are not sold out and in the end the employees will be in phk and unemployment increased as a result of this event.

Khairul is very concerned about this, but basically not very influential on IJa Kroeng business because the number of employees working in business Ija Kroeng only 9 people including with Khairul and his own wife. In other words, if the economy is in a strong or weak period, Khairul overcame it by changing the Strategy of production immediately so as not to lose control when the production of goods also against employees.

b.      Political / Legal

Political and legal forces are the result of changes in regulations such as industry deregulation, organizational privatization and increased pressure on environmental protection. From here managers take advantage of opportunities created from political and regulatory changes. This is legal, meaning that it must be considered how the policies made by the government in regulating the existence of business in Indonesia.

c.       Demography

Demographic strength is the result of changes in characteristic attitudes of the population such as age, gender, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, and social class. Changes from demographics can affect the production of goods, as in business activities Ija Kroeng. Ija Kroeng produce sarong cloth in the amount that is not too much. They produce 2 types of products namely Ready To Wear (directly in production in the number of some fruit) and Customize (customer ordering first). The sarong fabric produced by Ija Kroeng is different from sarong cloth that is sold in general market. The market shot by Ija Kroeng is for the middle social class, and the intended subject is teenagers and established people. Taking into account the power of democracy, Ija Kroeng was able to predict what percentage of adolescent and adult interest in modern modified sarongs.

d.      Technology

The strength of technology is a combination of capabilities and equipment that managers use in the design, production, and distribution of goods or services. Changes in information technology also affect the natural work of the organization including the work of managers therein. The world is expanding as well as technology, with increasingly sophisticated technological innovations bringing many positive impacts especially to industry companies where they can save time and energy. The company can improve its production efficiency by applying new technology. New machines that use the technology that has been developed can do the job more quickly. Many production processes have been automated or in other words their jobs have been completed by machines without the use of human hands. Since machines can cost less than human resources, automation can improve production efficiency.

Khairul also always renew the technology in making his sarong cloth to make the product better and unique. But Khairul only uses machine technology in the printing process, while in other processes such as sewing sometimes still use the hands because the product will look more tidy and original.

e.        Social Cultural

The power of social culture is the pressure derived from the social structure in society in a country. Social structure is the arrangement of relationships between individuals and groups in society. Society differs substantially in social structure because there are high and low degrees. The social environment also basically includes demographics and customer preferences, reflecting the social tendencies to which a business is exposed. Therefore the brand / Brand is a very influential on the selling power of a product. The more the brand is known by the public then the more chances of success of a business in the production of goods. Demographics are changing over time, when the proportion of children, adolescents, adults, parents changes, the demand for a product will also change. Thus the demand for a product may change up or down as a response to changes in society.

In other words, if the number of parents / adults is far less than the number of teenagers then their demand for goods (for example: cloth sarong) will actually be reduced. But this does not mean that for Khairul, as business owner Ija Kroeng Khairul produces sarongs with modern nuances, Khairul wants to erase people's assumptions about sarongs that can only be worn for worship, regional events, or sleep. Sarong cloth presented by Ija Kroeng can be used in various activities and even formal activities, with attractive and unique modern designs make the power tersenditri for business this Kroeng Kroeng. But not apart from Khairul's own mission in building this business that is to preserve the culture / preserve culture, not only that Khairul also certainly as a businessman wants to do economic empowerment for the people of Aceh. Khairul wants the Acehnese boys to break the door of the boundary for creativity and it is time for Acehnese young people to become successful entrepreneurs, in Aceh, nationally, and internationally.

IV.             Organization Structure

a.      Ija Kroeng's Structure

Companies generally rely on employee input from different divisions for specific situations. For this reason, companies may need to temporarily adjust their formal organizational structures so that some of these extra responsibilities can get feedback from employees.

All companies have both formal and informal organizational structures. Informal organizational structure is an informal communication network that exists among company employees. This network (sometimes called 'grapevine') evolved as a result of interaction among employees. Some employees interact because they do similar work with each other.

In conducting its business, kroeng aceh establishes a simple and stable organizational structure while deploying such work and responsibilities, which means giving these jobs and responsibilities to different departments. Khairul Fajri as the owner of this kroeng kameng business served as chairman, while for other departments (not mentioned name) sometimes also be responsible by Khairul Fajri. Khairul Fajri said that the departmental organization structure in the form is expected to facilitate all those who work in the business without any sense of awkward but must be orderly and polite and achieve the targets to be achieved. Existing departments are sewing, design, cutting, and so on. But here Khairul sometimes holds the double responsibility.

b.      Kroeng's Organization Model

The organizational model used by Ija Kroeng's business is the Line Organization. Line organization is a form of organization that connects directly vertically between superiors with subordinates, from the highest leadership to the lowest positions, between the echelon one with the other echelon each connected with the line of authority or command. This organization is often referred to military organizations. This organization is usually used by small medium enterprises, such as Ija Kroeng.

The characteristics of this organization are:

·         The relationship between superiors and subordinates is still directly with each line of authority

·         Number of employees is few

·         The owner of capital is the highest leader

·         No specialization yet

·         Each head unit has full authority and responsibility for all areas of work

·         The organizational structure is simple and stable

Organization structure :

Ija Kroeng uses this organization model, where the number of employees is 9 people, the owner of capital is Khairul as chairman. Ija Kroeng uses this organizational model because there is a well-secured command unit, high employee discipline / ease of maintenance, easier coordination, strict leadership lines, cost savings and effective oversight.

c.       Organizational Culture

The culture built in Ija Kroeng's business is a kinship culture, where everyone in Khairul's business has to get to know each other well, think of colleagues as a family and complement each other. Culture Salat congregation is also built in this business, business may still run but worship should not be abandoned.

d.      Leaderhip Style

The type of leadership used in running the business Ija Kroeng is democratic / participative which means all employees are allowed to express their opinions about the goods to be produced later. Khairul actually requires a variety of creative inputs and innovative thoughts to improve the quality of sarong fabric produced by Ija Kroeng.

The democratic leadership style is a very open and collegial style of running a team. Ideas move freely amongst the group and are discussed openly. Everyone is given a seat at the table, and discussion is relatively free-flowing. This style is needed in dynamic and rapidly changing environments where very little can be taken as a constant. In these fast moving organizations, every option for improvement has to be considered to keep the group from falling out of date. The democratic leadership style means facilitating the conversation, encouraging people to share their ideas, and then synthesizing all the available information into the best possible decision. The democratic leader must also be able to communicate that decision back to the group to bring unity the plan is chosen.

When situations change frequently, democratic leadership offers a great deal of flexibility to adapt to better ways of doing things. Unfortunately, it is also somewhat slow to make a decision in this structure, so while it may embrace newer and better methods; it might not do so very quickly. Democratic leadership style can bring the best out of an experienced and professional team. It capitalizes on their skills and talents by letting them share their views, rather than simply expecting them to conform. If a decision is very complex and broad, it is important to have the different areas of expertise represented and contributing input – this is where democratic leader shines.

Good fits for Democratic Leadership:

·         Creative groups (advertising, design): ideas need to flow in creative environments to find create new concepts and designs.

·         Consulting: when paid to explore problems and find solutions, your role will be to explore the possibilities in depth, and that means there has to be a great deal of exploration and open discussion.

·         Much of the Service industry: new ideas allow for more flexibility to changing customer demands.

·         Education: few places need to be open to different ideas than education, both by educators and their students.

V.                Human Resource Management

a.      The Recruitment Process of The Employee

IJa Kroeng business does not open recruitment of workers in particular, usually employees come to apply for jobs and directly meet with Khairul. Khairul only conducts job interviews on applicants and practice test work, for example if workers apply for sewing it will be sewing test. Workers are given a month to adapt to the pressure of work, if he can do it well then he can be employed permanently and vice versa. Ija Kroeng also opens apprenticeship, usually applicants are from vocational students in Banda Aceh.

b.       Emplooyes training Activities

Ija Kroeng has not set up an advanced training program for employees, but in the future Khairul as the business owner of Ija Kroeng will be working on this training to improve the skills of the employees. But, for a glimpse of sharing about how the process of making sarong cloth to the employee is often done on the sidelines of work.

c.       Evaluation of employees work

Evaluation of employees work done every day after the production process, Khairul do this with the aim that any existing obstacles that appear directly given the solution. So that employees will easily remember and get used to. Khairul also uses free time to evaluate Employee Work so as not to be too tense. Khairul wants quality goods that are produced very well and balanced with price.

d.      Compensation System

If a problem arises, then the solution is directly where internal management plays a role in it. Khairul only gives a reprimand for mistakes made by employees such as mistakes during the cutting process, and stitches that are not good / neat. Khairul never fired an employee, but there were some employees who bounced (out by themselves).

VI.             Marketing

a.      Product

Brand Ija kroeng sarong is a home made that sells uniqueness as well as quality as a selling power. Ija Kroeng produces sarong made of 100% cotton with elegan design suitable for special occasions. Motif owned by Ija kroeng also diverse and has its own uniqueness that can be used in various kind of formal events or just for everyday use. Special cloth sarong as the owner releases it permanently in 2 colors, black and white with a touch of gold color beneath underneath. This type of sarong is available for adults and children. In addition to providing a sarong, brand Ija Kroeng also offers goodie bag, scarf, and T-shirts. The packaging is attractive with fabrics for adults and bags for children. Complete with brand kroeng wrote on the plaster. As for the limited edition series as on Eid al-Fitr is available in three colors namely red brick, green pupus, and light gray. Ija kroeng also receive special order to make delivery. Specially designed with a pair of details as per customer request.Ija kroeng SMEs also release a sarong with a cultural theme. For the first edition will be the theme of Gayo which is one of the tribes who live in Aceh. So, there are two product that they provide: ready to wear and customize ( example: T-shirt for celebrate day of Islam month-Baju lebaran).

b.      Price

Pricelist

	Adult	Kid
Ija kroeng plain black or plain white	Rp. 162.000	Rp. 117.000
Ija kroeng Printing Pattern	Rp. 217.000	Rp. 152.000
Ija kroeng Drawing Pattern	Rp. 300.000	Rp. 260.000
C. Sarung plain black or plain white	Rp. 240.000	Rp. 200.000
C. sarung Printing pattern	Rp. 275.000	Rp. 235.000
C. Sarung Drawing Pattern	Rp. 340.000	Rp. 300.000
Ija Kroeng LE Plain Brown	Rp. 250.000	Rp. 210.000
Ija kroeng LE Printing Pattern Brown	Rp. 285. 000	Rp. 245.000
C. Sarung LE Plain Brown	Rp. 300.000	Rp. 295.000
C. Sarung Premium Printing Pattern	Rp. 335.000	Rp. 295.000

Ija kroeng offers a more exclusive product.So, the price is also higher which is Rp 210 thousand for children's and Rp 250 thousand for adults. The price with the market is balanced and has its own way of determining it. In this case, Ia kroeng don’t tell much because there is trade secret.

c.        Place and Promotion

Ija Kroeng products are targetted to the upper  middle class who wear sarong during religious or cultural events. Consumers with such profiles can be found in Malaysia, Brunei, South Asia (India, Bangladesh) and Middle East countries (Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, United Arab Emirated and Africa (Egypt) is generally the country with largest Muslim population. Since 2010, Ija Kroeng has been established in Jakarta. However, the blum of the brand. With production of black and white sarong. In 2015, officially released with logo, name, and packaging. Since then, Ija kroeng production at home own owner in Seutui, Banda Aceh. With room size 4 x 4 meters.

In the promotion, Ija Kroeng uses two systems, there are:

1.      Online

Ija kroeng use social media like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and WEB. Ija kroeng more active using Facebook and Instagram (ijakroeng), because Twitter is considered not effiesien to do the activities of selling. Kroeng's ladies do not use endorsment. Ija Kroeng more emphasis and keep their brand, because it is considered by using endorsment of the consumption is forced to like their products. So it can damage the brand.

2.      Offline

In an offline system Ija Kroeng promotes goods through workshops, bazaars, exhibitions and events, such as the selection of ambassadors. In this case Ija kroeng interacts with the buyers directly. Ija Kroeng is more active in event activities such as selection of ambassadors and considered more optimal to get profit. In addition to targeting the local market segments and travelers, he also introduced its products to abroad.

VII.          Operational

a.      Process Production Of Product

Cotton whose yarn is imported from India and woven in Tangerang. Arriving in Aceh bal cloth is cut and sewn as needed by the workforce. Here are the steps:
1.Design

is the art of application of design and aesthetics or natural beauty to clothing and accessories. Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social attitudes, and has varied over time and place. Fashion designers work in a number of ways in designing clothing and accessories such as bracelets and necklace. Because of the time required to bring a garment onto the market, designers must at times anticipate changes to consumer tastes.

Designers conduct research on fashion trends and interpret them for their audience. Their specific designs are used by manufacturers. This is the essence of a designer’s role; however, there is variation within this that is determined by the buying and merchandising approach, and product quality; for example, budget retailers will use inexpensive fabrics to interpret trends, but high-end retailers will ensure that the best available fabrics are used.

Fashion designers attempt to design clothes which are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. They consider who is likely to wear a garment and the situations in which it will be worn. They have a wide range and combinations of materials to work with and a wide range of colors, patterns and styles to choose from. Though most clothing worn for everyday wear falls within a narrow range of conventional styles, unusual garments are usually sought for special occasions such as evening wear or party dresses.

Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring. Today, most clothing is designed for the mass market, especially casual and every-day wear are called ready to wear.

2.Cutting

This process could include the use of block patterns. These are a set of patterns previously produced by the cutter for general use across all sizes and adjusted to each client's measurements. When the marking is complete, the fabric is cut using traditional tailor's shears. When all the parts are cut they are passed to the "trimmer," who will thread mark the seam lines using cotton thread and cut the linings and interlinings. The cut parts are then rolled into a bundle ready for the tailor.

The cutter's tools include: shears, tape measure, chalk, set square (wooden), and a ruler (wooden). There have been some innovations which include a change from a clear-linen to a printed-linen tape measure. The cut and style of tailored garments are usually unique to the "house" or the company. The cutter will build a reputation for a particular style of cut. Earlier cutting methods involved cutting shapes that were recut after the fitting of the garment and copied onto card or paper to establish a pattern. These patterns were developed into block patterns for future use. This helped to move the process forward without having to return to the start point with each new client and/or garment. A library of patterns would then be built up.

3.Sewing

Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread. Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising in the Paleolithic era. Before the invention of spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, antler or ivory needles and "thread" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins. For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand. The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century and the rise ofcomputerization in the 20th century led to mass production and export of sewn objects, but hand sewing is still practiced around the world. Fine hand sewing is a characteristic of high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is pursued by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.

4. Printing

3D printing is a process that begins with a digital file and ends with a physical object. A digital file that contains a detailed description of the model to be printed is digitally formatted. Once formatted, the file is then exported to a 3D printer, which transforms the digital model into a physical object. This occurs via a process where molten material is built up layer upon layer. Each layer can be very complex, meaning 3D printers can even create moving parts like hinges and wheels as part of the same object. 3D printing has great potential in the fashion industry, and designers such as Karl Lagerfeld and Iris van Herpen have already shown us the amazing potential of 3D fashion. However, outside of couture, we have yet to see much 3D fashion. Much of the problem has been with the materials. While 3D printers have already successfully produced pieces made of metal, ceramics, and plastic, none of these materials lend themselves to something that is flexible enough for clothing. Most materials used for 3D printing so far print as solids that don’t have the space to let air pass – meaning that these materials don’t absorb body moisture and are not breathable or drape-able.

Despite current limitations on using 3D printers in fashion, the fashion curator of the MET’s 2016 Manus x Machina informs us that 3D printing has the potential to “be as revolutionary as the sewing machine”. The curator predicted that every designer that has a 3D printer would be able to make custom pieces for their clients at a fraction of the cost. Further, the 3D process would be environmentally friendly as everything prints out according to specific measurements – whereas with textiles there is always waste.

In producing activities there are two types used:

1.      Handmade

There are about 9 employees working in the SMEs including the owner and his wife. 7 employees divided into several groups depending on their expertise, such as: sewing, printing, and others. While the owner is in control of the design field and his wife is an administrative midwife.

2.      Machine

In producing products, they use sewing machines held by some employees.

b.      The Use Of Quality Control In Product

1.Producing The Limited Product

Ija kroeng produce limited goods to keep the quality of the goods. Usually, Ija koeng produces special limited goods on the day of Eid with exclusive products, such as red brick, green, and light gray.

Kroeng Ija also produce barag according to consumer demand, so that the goods produced do not have the same model with others or the market.

2.Do not use endorsment by giving away free items

In this case, there is its own uniqueness. In the perspective of Ija Kroeng SMEs. They do not use endorsment. Because, it can also damage the brand goods. For example, they use endorment. Indirectly, producers force consumers to like their products. After endorment do promotion. Product that has been given for free by the producer for endorsment has two values, there is a possibility he does not like. Due to endorsment does not like, he may give to others who are not target market. Therefore, the quality of finished goods looks low. they want someone to get their product at a sacrifice. So what is owned feels valuable.

3.Selling goods by offering cultural value

Khairul (the owner)  release a sarong with a cultural theme. For the first edition will be the theme of Gayo which is one of the tribes who live in Aceh. Following ethnic themes from a total of 23 districts / cities from eight tribes living in Aceh.

c.        Inventory Control

In control by the owner himself. Kroeng kyair imports the ingredients from the outside. Ija Kroeng has a special warehouse for goods that are close to where the kroeng wrote. making it easier to get stuff quickly.

In the production of kroeng kya producers who control and inspect their own inventory. So the possibility of cheating on the basic goods of production a little.

VIII.       Technology Application

a.       Website Or Sosial Media Presence

 Ija Kroeng used some of Social Media,following:

1.      Instagram: ijakroeng

2.      Facebook: Souvenir Aceh "Ija Kroeng"

3.      Web: http://www.rkb.id/ukm/1654

4.      Twitter: @Ija_Kroeng

b.      Form Of Technology That Is Used To Support Business Activities

1.      Sewing machine

Sewing machine is required after passing through two stages, namely design and cutting. The next product is followed by sewing.

2.Computer

The computer is used to design the image to be made on the sarong. The designs are made to customer demand and also for initial inventory.

3.Machinery press

The press machine is used to press the screen printing to dry and used as a heater to transfer the images from inkjet paper to the surface of the mug that has been given a coating.

IX.             Conclusion

The owner,Khairul Fajri Yahya as a leader have forges consensus through participation so the overall impact on climate is positive. Because every employee have an opportunity to deliver their ideas. Because Ija Kroeng used the Line Organization for the structure,the organization connects directly vertically between superiors with subordinates, from the highest leadership to the lowest positions, between the echelon one with the other echelon each connected with the line of authority or command. Ija Kroeng produces sarong made of 100% cotton with elegan design suitable for special occasions. Motif owned by Ija kroeng also diverse and has its own uniqueness.

X.                Recommendation

The recommendation that can be given after the observation are:

1.      Tidy up the workshop or pull up stakes to a locaton with an affordable distance

2.      Making a traning for a new employee

3.      Use the endorsement method

4.      More often give off some new model or shades

Portfolio

Photo with the Owner of Ija Kroeng ( Khairul Fajri) ; 24 November 2017

The Ija Kroeng’s Rewards

“CREATIVE IDEAS DO NOT DIE ONLY ON THE DISCUSSION TABLE”

(ide kreatif jangan hanya mati di meja diskusi)

                                -Ija Kroeng